This course broadens students’ understanding of mathematics as it relates to managing
data. Students will apply methods for organizing and analysing large amounts of
information; solve problems involving probability and statistics; and carry out a
culminating investigation that integrates statistical concepts and skills. Students will
also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior
mathematics. Students planning to enter university programs in business, the social
sciences, and the humanities will find this course of particular interest.

Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Functions and Applications,
Grade 11, University/College Preparation

Unit 1: Section 1: Permutations and Organized Counting

Throughout the unit, students will learn to solve problems that involve counting the number of outcomes in complex situations. Students will learn counting techniques such as listing, tree diagrams, Venn diagrams, and Pascal’s triangle and apply the fundamental counting principles and permutations.

Section 2: Combinations and The Binomial Theorem

In this unit, students learned to use tree diagrams to count items when the order of the items was important. Further, students will be introduced to a type of diagram that helps organize data about groups of items when the order of the items is not important. Students will also learn how to solve problems involving combinations and to distinguish between a permutation and a combination.

Unit 2: Section 1: Introduction to Probability

In this unit, students will learn basic probability calculations and apply the same concepts to counting problems, independent, dependent, mutually exclusive, and non-mutually exclusive events. They will learn to distinguish between experimental and theoretical probability and determine the relationship between them.

Section 2: Probability Distribution

This section teaches solving problems involving dependent and independent events with continuous or discrete probability distributions. Students will learn to construct frequency and probability histograms, calculate the expectation of probability distribution, and make connections between the different types of probability distributions.

Unit 3: Section 1: Probability Distribution for Continous Variables (MT)

In this unit, students will learn about continuous probability distributions and the role of the standard deviation, discover the normal distribution, z-scores, and confidence intervals, and make connections to discrete random variables.

Section 2: Organization of Data for Analysis

In this unit, students will learn about the different types of data that can be analyzed and how to go about collecting the data (Statistics)

(Statistics is the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.)

Unit 4: Section 1: One Variable Data for Analysis

In this unit, students will learn techniques for analyzing statistics using one variable. The analysis will include graphical analysis such as Box and Whisker Plots as well as mathematical techniques such as measures of central tendency and measures of speed.

Section 2: Two- Variable Data Analysis

In this unit, students will continue to learn about statistics by investigating two-variable statistics. Students will learn concluding data using concepts such as Scatter Plot, Line of Best Fit, Correlation, Residuals, linear regression, Coefficient of Correlation, and validity of data and use technology to understand two-variable statistics.